The World Of Cities

p Sociology and the cityThe World of Cities by Anthony M . Orum Xiangming Chen , is a record apply that delves into the exploration of urban sociology . According to Wikepedia .com , urban sociology is , the HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Sociology o Sociology sociological study of the mixed HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Statistics o Statistics statistics among the population in cities Some of the various aras of study ar population , geopolitics , and economicsAccording to Wikepedia , the lucre school was a large influence in the study of urban sociology . though some of their ideas ware been rejected they argon still view among those who study the subjectIn the al-Quran , The World of Cities , the authors write that there is something that must(prenominal) be understood before one lowlife figure urban sociology . In to provide an absolutely firm basis to our discussion of cities , and of urban sociology , we must name a abundant and complete appreciation of the nonion of personate (p .5According to the authors , localise privy be examined by taking one of two paths . The jump path is the modern scientific path that provides entropy of why regularise is necessary for hu small-arm beings or all stretch forthlihood creature for that calculate . The other path is to examine and watch place through the eyes of old philosophers and scholarsThe philosopher whom we centre on first is Edward Casey . Casey believes that place is as essential to sympathetic conception as be space and time . In his harbor , The sentence of Place , Casey writes The world you and I actually live in , our lifeworld , is one of places (e .g , our personal , sacred or preferred haunts , non the absolute or infinite space envisioned in modern science . But you d never take a chance this from the quantitative mea indisputablement dominating Western thought just to the highest degree space , whether in philosophy and physics or in down-to- earth disciplines like architecture and urban planning He goes on to say that place is only limited by what one can accomplish in that place . vertical as a place is animated by the lived bodies that atomic number 18 in it , a lived place animates these uniform bodies as they obtain implaced there (242 , The Fate of PlaceThe conterminous thing Casey tells us we lack to grabble with is the nonion of form . According to the platter , body has an accessory as in the writings of Martin Heidegger . We are aware of body . We know the difference between front and back and we are aware of the chasten hand and the left hand . of these are interchangeable . They all have a function and a placeSince body has movement and can more left to right and front and back it has extension and movement . That doer that it has to in like manner occupy space . If it occupies space , then that also means that it must have a place . To be at all--to exist in any way--is to be somewhere , and to be somewhere is to be in some kind of place . Place is as requisite as the air we give out , the ground on which we stand , the bodies we have . We are adjoin by places . We walk over them and through them . We live in places , relate to others in them , die in them (ix , The Fate of PlaceOne go for that The World of Cities mentions that will facilitate one understand urban sociology is The Conditions of the Working Class In England , by Frederick Engels . The agree , written in 1645 , explores the legion(predicate) purviews of a urban center . The agri purification , the diligence , and immigration are a few . He looks at these aspects through the eyes of the ordinary works house man . They are given damp expectings , cellar dens that are not waterproof from below or garrets that leak from above . Their houses are so built that the clammy air cannot escape . They are supplied bad tattered , or rotten clothing , degraded and indigestible food . They are exposed to the most arouse changes of mental condition , the most violent vibrations between trust and fear they are hunted like game , and not permitted to attain peace of mind and quiet enjoyment of lifeThe book argues that though place is necessary for gaykinds , military personnel are necessary to make that place livable for every societal classOne philosopher that one must acknowledge is Karl Marx . The not bad(p) nineteenth-century societal theoriser focused on how social classes began and how they contri onlyed to history . It was in his focus of history that time took more importance than space or place . Capitalism , as it were is more affected in time , not place or space . umteen concede that perhaps Marx did not focus on place because he did not understand it and thought it best to farewell place up to the likes of EngelWe must also study the urban center as a place . One large pertain on the shaping of a urban center is the government in such a place . The government s influence can shape different areas in the place . The large deal who dwell in the place also shape the place . such as the diaphragm in the book that breaks dough up by residential zone , commuting zone , handing over zone etc .Economic and political institutions hold lands at the center of the metropolis , because to them , their institutions were the center of the urban centerThe second chapter of the book looks over the social possibleness and the urban center . To understand it , we must look at charitable ecologyp First , one must look at human ecology . One influential sociologist was Robert ParkPark , who was important for the first sociological de surgical incisionment in the United States at pelf University , was expert in Germany . He was influenced by several ecologists , such as Georg SimmelDuring his study of ecology , he chose to use Chicago as his example Park and his team developed what came to be cognize as the sociology of the city by creating a catalog of studies of the city . Studies included how space was being used in the city as well as to study the types and number of mess that were coming . Park s program consisted of ideas that he has brought with him from his studies in EuropeAccording to urban STRUCTURE The affable and Spatial Character of Cities by Ralph Thomlinson , Students of urban ecology have long since passed the point of uncritical popular opinion in presumed facts they impose rigorous standards before accepting selective information . Thorough training of ecological and other sociological inquiryers requires eld of graduate study and work experienceFor this reason , the intent of this chapter is not to instruct the studyer in how to do research but to acquaint him with the kinds of methodological and statistical operations common in ecological analysis (p . 20 , URBAN STRUCTURE The societal and Spatial Character of CitiesThrough Park and his program , he developed what he thought was refreshed population groups and a new environment . He saw that his new population groups capable to their new environment . His view became what is called a paradigm . It became large and was applicable to many more states of place other than Chicago . It drew a connection between living things and place and how they adjust or how the place adjusts to living thingsPark s paradigm stilltually became known as Human Ecology . It saw the unfold and development of urban life as parallel in many ways to the unfolding and development of life , in general (p . 29 , The World of Cities . Competition and succession of human beings in their environment is like that of plants and animals adapting to their own environments Some humans adapt better to some environments than others , as wellChapter three of the book is about social inequalities and the creation of metropolitan spaceFirst , we look at social inequalities and how they are created Inequalities are in every city and begin by the creation of status or differences . Social movements based on politicized `personal differences - for example ethnic , theme , gender , sexual , class and age differences - ranging from the local to a transnational and even global scale , asking for social rights and new forms of citizenship combating inequalities that are experienced as unjust writes Mobility , tillage , and Social Inequality , a study given by Amsterdam School for Social science ResearchIn the city of Chicago , where the study of urban sociology began , there are those who live in the velocity class areas of the city . They do not have to worry about making rent payment or not . They do not have to worry about getting to or from a place by familiar transportation . They usually have a car and have a great home or the nicest apartment . They belike went to a great college and graduated at the top to swipe that top jobOn the other side of town live those who crusade just to make it . They do not know where their contiguous meal is coming from . They are not thinking about lunch in the same day , they are wonder how they are just going to get dinner the next day . No lunch is a given . They peradventure did not finish high school and did not even dream of college . Their job is very low income with maybe no benefits at all , other than the small amount of cash they earn . They do not have a prick at getting that big job the upper class get . Their kids may not even get that same shotIt is not because the upper class are better raft or that the lower class are less human .

It is that situation do them live different livesSocial inequality begins when upper class and lower class alike forget that any(prenominal) class they are in , they could have easily been in the opposite if they had come from a different situationThe second part of the chapter is the creation of metropolitan space The metropolitan space , which many historians say was created to lessen the social inequality by having many types of people living in the same space as each other . The New City as the previous(predicate) metropolis was called , blended people with different races , ideas , and cultures all at heart a certain amount of spaceChapter four in the book is about place change and continuity . In this aspect , we can go back to adaptation . When immigrants come to the city they adapt to the city and change is made . This helps continue the meld of the city . The city does not adapt to them , no matter what city we are discussing . Change is made to a city when it needs to be . The deciding factor of when change needs to take place is if what is currently being used working or notIn the book , Being urban , by David A . Karp . When he addresses whether or not change is necessary in the city , he uses an example of children playing in the streets and the curse of them being hit by cars . This was a problem , patently , because the number of children being injured while playing in the streets was growing . This was a problem and change obviously require to be made . The city decided that it needed a nice updated playground that would attract the children . It would encourage the children to play on it s equipment instead of in the street . When the change was made , the measure of children playing in the street went down . The change workedThe persist chapter studies a critical sociology and a reconstructive sociology of the city . The chapter explores the efforts of the metropolitan leaders in improving the metro area and asseverate the civic culture of the cityA great example of this is New York City , September 11 , 2001 after the terrorist attack . Mayor Rudolph Giuliani had a lot on his hands to reconstruct the area and to retrace the moral of the people . A plan had to be made to rebuild or not rebuild and how to make the people feel safe again . He had to make sure that the culture of the city - the accepting all men , not asking questions , not pointing fingers - did not change . The no-culture of the civic culture they had worked for them And he did not expect anyone to be singled out and ill-treat because of what a few crazy people didIt was a sturdy job and the even the mayor was put under a microscope just as the president was . There are many qualities that make a great leader . But having operose beliefs , being able to stick with them through popular and less-traveled times , is the most important characteristic of a great leader the mayor once said to reportersHaving a difficult or weak leader can make or break the space in which a city resides . Everything in a city in most cases , revolve approximately the leader . Whether it is a fair evaluation or not , the question of success of a city , can depend on the leaderThe book itself has been very insightful . It is written to help students have a better understanding of sociology as it applies to a city . Though some of the terms were unfamiliar , the rubric that was provided in the back of the book helped clear up any confusion that may have occurredThe authors , who have obviously pass a great deal of time on their research for the book , made their time well worth it . The book not only provides a vast array of information , but also graphics that help back up the point that is being made , which make understanding the content simpler for those who exponent not quite grasp it allThe concept of sociology in a city is one that completely makes sense I think that city leaders should be required to read this book or books like it to understand what their city might be about and what their city might need from them . It covers every issue , it seemsA best way to sum up the book in one quote would be with the quote of the great poet , Walt Whitman . A great city is that which has the greatest men and womenWorks CitedCasey , Edward . The Fate of Place . 1997 . 495Engles , Frederick . The Conditions of the Working Class in England Panther strain ed . Leipzig , 1845Karp , David A , Gregory. Stone , and William C . Knoels . Being Urban 2nd Edition ed . Westport : Praeger , 1991Theobald , Paul . The Nature of Cities : fountain , Growth , and Decline Pattern and Form , Planning Problems . Chicago :. Theobald , 1955 . 192Top of FormBottom of FormHYPERLINK http /www .easybib .com /products /mbp_parens .phpWickepedia . 5 Nov . 2006Top of FormBottom of FormHYPERLINK http /www .easybib .com /products /mbp_parens .php p...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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