What is Neanderthal?

" Second was the discovery that ahead of time redbricks and boorishs not only coexisted in the Middle East during the deeply Pleistocene but that modern humans both pre-dated and post-dated the humans of Neanderthals in the region. The result of these findings has been that the marvel of the evolution of Homo sapiens, "the withstand major event in human evolution," has become furthest more complicated than it appeared to some. All speculation about this evolutionary event must take the Neanderthals' new mark into account, and the resulting rivalry has produced a variety of new explanations in which the nature of the Neanderthals has industrious an important position.

Three basic theories attempt to explain the offspring of modern humans. They are the multiregional, or "regional continuity," model, the single origin, sometimes called "Noah's Ark," model, and the gene-flow (also hybridization or diffuse emergence) model. Despite numerous variations on these ideas, these three models represent the basic schools of thought. All three essay to explain the emergence of "people like you and me, our species, with its widespread varieties of skeletal frame and color." The pattern of the evolution of the geographic differences (usually called races) of Homo sapiens complicates the question and receives much of the attention. All three of the main theories assume that "modern characteristics evolved late and that racial characteristics evolved locally," but they do not retard on the or

Lieberman, whom Hayden includes in his listen of those attempting the "dehumanization" of Neanderthals, argues forcefully and convincingly that the Kebara hyoid bone offers no such support for the language thesis.

In two articles, Lieberman has successfully demonstrated that the lack of knowledge of speech physiology has misled those who made this assumption. He discusses at length the differences between the construction of the modern primates' supralaryngeal literal tract and shows that the arguments based on the Kebara hyoid bone depend, for example, on assumptions about the position of the bone that cannot be supported by evidence. In addition, the supporters of the idea argue from the morphology of the bone to its position in the neck, a position that would support the idea of Neanderthal speech. Yet, as Lieberman explains, "human hyoid morphology is highly uncertain and does not appear to be linked to hyoid position." Lieberman cites numerous other problems with the general attempt to prove that Neanderthals had the same speech capacity as humans and concludes that these arguments "often seem to be driven more by theoretical positions than by selective information or logic."

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